Comparative Response of Auroral Electrojet Indices (AE, AL, and AU) to Variations in Solar Wind Density During 2025

Authors

  • Mays M. Al-Gbory Al-Iraqia University Author
  • Samar A. Thabit Nahrain University image/svg+xml Author
  • Ayat F. Abed Nahrain University image/svg+xml Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2026/fzb72159

Abstract

The object of this study is to evaluate the comparative response of auroral electrojet indices (AE, AL, and AU) to changes in solar wind density during 2025 using the descriptive statistics, timescales, box plots, and scatter plots, in addition to correlation analysis to examine the nature of the relationship between these variables. The results showed a variability in the statistical properties of the AE, AL, and AU indices and solar wind density, with variations in the spread of values and the presence of some outliers. The timescales also indicated that all variables experienced significant fluctuations throughout the year, but the patterns of change in the auroral electrojet indices did not directly correlate with changes in solar wind density. Correlation analysis and scatter plots confirmed the absence of a strong linear relationship between solar wind density and the AE, AL, and AU indices, suggesting that the response of these indices is not only dependent on solar wind density but is also influenced by other solar and magnetic factors. These results highlight the importance of using multiple spatial parameters when studying geomagnetic activity, rather than relying solely on solar wind density.

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Published

2026-09-29

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): Iraqi Journal of Applied Physics Letters

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 IRAQI JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

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